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The Three Sage Kings and the Five Legendary Emperors

By: Henry KH Fong

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The Three Sage Kings of ancient China were Suiren, Fuxi and Shennong. They made personal sacrifices to improve the lives of the people. Today they are remembered for the many unique contributions to the Chinese people and mankind in general.

Suiren who reputedly lived 18,000 years ago discovered how to make fire by drilling wood. This discovering enabled mankind to eat cooked food and use fire to keep warm and ward off wild animals.

Fuxi was best remembered for creating the Bagua (or Eight Trigram). It became the foundation of the all important Chinese Classic I Ching or the Book of Changes. He also taught people to domesticate animals and made traps to catch fishes, birds and other wild animals. He was also credited with laying down marriage laws and the invention of an ancient 35 strings musical instrument.

The last of the Sage King was Shennong ?also known as Yandi. He invented many instruments for farming and taught people to grow rice, wheat, beans and two types of millet. He also devised barter trading. Lesser known is his involvement in invention of a 5 strings musical instrument.

Shennong risked his life by tasting hundreds of berries to seek remedies for illnesses. Despite being poisoned on many occasions, he carried on. One of the berries eventually took his life.

The emperors after Shennong were Huangdi, Zhuanxu, Diku, Yao and Shun and they are collectively known as the Five Legendary Rulers.

Huangdi was a good leader. He knows how to maximize the ability of those around him to rule the country and come out with innovations that benefit his people.

With the help of his many talented subjects, Huangdi developed a written language for the Chinese people. He also commissioned the compilation of the Yellow Emperor' Medicine Classic?which became the foundation of Chinese Medicine today. Finally we also developed a Farmer's Calendar.

Huangdi was a man of peace and did not like war. During his rule, there was peace, stablility and prosperity in his kingdom.

Zhuanxu who succeeded Huangdi was not his son. He was chosen over Huangdi's many sons because of his outstanding ability. Zhuanxu greatest contribution was to bring law and order to the people plus consolidating the power of the central authority.

After Zhuanxu comes Diku who was a great grandson of Huangdi. Diku was a benevolent king who placed the people's welfare above self. He created new official posts and ministries with clearly demarcated duties such as the Ministry of Land, Forestry, Water, Metal Ores and Fire. And he personally conducted inspections frequently to ensure that the country was well run. He also further improved the calendar which contributed to farming.

Yao was Diku's son. He was industrious and benevolent like his father. He further developed the calendar and modified the timing of planting that resulting in bumper harvests.

Shun was a young boy when his mother died. Despite ill treatment by his step mother and father, he remained filial to them. This is a virtue revered by the Chinese and it made his quite famous. When Yao heard about this he summoned Shun to his service. He was just 30 years old. Eventually Shun became Yao's son in law when he married King Yao's daughter.

Shun drafted the five rules of etiquette and others rules and regulations which the dukes and princes had to observed. He also divided the country into 12 states with each having its own administrator. He continued to implement changes at the administrative level and set up the department of rites, music, farming, mulberry planting, works, water and land.

After The Five Legendary Kings come Yu the founder of the Xia Dynasty. Yu was best remembered for controlling the floods that created a lot of problem to his subjects. More on Yu and the Xia dynasty in future articles.

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