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The Task Force Concluded that most Efforts by Colleges

By: wushan

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About 1 400 college students die and about 500 000 are injured each year in accidents related to alcohol use, according to the first comprehensive estimates of the toll of heavy drinking on campuses. The impact of alcohol is not limited to students who drink. More than 600 000 college students are assaulted annually by another student who has been drinking, and more than 70 000 are victims of alcohol-associated sexual assaults, according to the study, whose findings were released yesterday along with the report of a government task force on college drinking. The estimates are for students between the ages of 18 and 24.

Although deaths of individual college students from acute alcohol intoxication or injuries have received widespread media attention in recent years, experts said the new national estimates show that the consequences of heavy drinking by students are greater than previously realized. Among the nation's 8 million college students, about 4 out of 5 drink alcohol. Americans between the ages of 18 and 24 have the highest rates of periodic, heavy drinking of any age group, and college students drink more heavily than people of similar age who are not in school.

The researchers calculated that there are approximately 1100 alcohol- related motor venire crash deaths and approximately 300 alcohol-related fatal injuries among college students annually. The estimates do not include homicides and suicides. To estimate the frequency of health problems and high-risk behaviors associated with drinking, the team used data from national student surveys and extrapolated them to the college population. For example, in a 1999 government survey of almost 7 000 college students, about 27 percent reported that they had driven under the influence of alcohol in the preceding year — which amounts to about 2.1 million students nationally each year. About 3.1 million students annually ride with such drivers.

For students, the highest-risk time for alcohol-related injuries, assaults, sexual assaults and other consequences of heavy drinking "is in the first year of college, maybe in the first weeks", said Mark S. Goldman, a professor of psychology at the University of South Florida and the task force's other co-chairman. The task force concluded that most efforts by colleges to reduce high-risk drinking have failed, in part because they have focused on individuals rather than on the entire community and because few programs designed to reduce drinking have been scientifically tested in college settings.

The report found that several programs combining alcohol education, behavioral skills training and motivational enhancement have reduced drinking among high-risk students. Community strategies, such as increased enforcement of minimum-drinking-age laws, restricting the number of local alcohol licenses issued, and raising prices and taxes on alcoholic’s beverages, have been successfully tested in other settings and might also be effective. Other measures, such as instituting tougher penalties for breaking campus rules on drinking, establishing alcohol-free dormitories, eliminating alcohol at sports events and conducting campaigns to change students' opinions about how much other students drink, are theoretically promising but have not been scientifically evaluated. 1 . Which of the following statistics is not mentioned about alcoholic drinking?

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