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In the history of European fashion, the natural lines of the body have often been distorted by binding corsets, steel girdles, and wired petticoats. Stiff bodies with tightly bound waists and hoop skirts be-came fashionable in Spain in the 16th century, and the style spread to England, France, and Italy. When the elegant ladies of the Victorian Age swooned, it was not because they were delicate but because their clothes made breathing difficult. GHD MK5

The shape of a garment depends on how a fabric falls and how it looks when pinned and belted. Light fabrics such as silk, chiffon, jersey, crepe, and to the body or fall around it in soft folds. More definite shapes that stand away from the body can be made of heavier fabrics such as velvet,
linen, bulky wools, and flannel. Naturally designers choose fabrics according to the seasons. Fabrics are both natural and man-made. Cotton, linen, and burlap are made from natural fibers that come from plants. Other natural fabrics are called synthetics, for they can be made to look like transparent silks or heavy wools. Often it is difficult to tell a synthetic from a pure silk, wool, or cotton. Some materials, like nylon, are completely synthetic; others, like cotton acetates, are a combination of a manmade and a natural fiber.

Man-made materials have certain advantages they frequently wear
longer, wash more easily, and do not wrinkle as much as natural fabrics. Often they are less expensive. Since the price of a dress depends partially on the cost of the material out of which it is made, synthetics.

The fashion designers work in a design room. Here the fabrics are brought together, the shape of the silhouettes developed, and the color schemes decided upon. Some designers create their silhouettes by sketching, and from tiejketch_simple_garment5^are made of muslin (an expensive cotton). If the muslin shape is satisfactory, then the garment is made in the desired fabric.
Since the fabric is important to the shape of a dress, some designers work directly with the fabric that will be used. A designer who works with the actual material drapes it on a dressmaker' s dummy or a live model. The material is pinned and cut on the model. When the shape of the dress has been decided upon, a rough pattern is made. Then seamstresses, called sample hands, make the first dress, an original sample. When the dress is completed, it is given a number and sent to the production department. There the cost of labor, fabric, and general business expenses are figured, and the dress is given a wholesale price. ghd pretty in pink

The store buyer is all-important in the fashion world, and her job is one of the most difficult. She must not only know by experience what sells to her customers, but have an eye for what is new and different. In the past there were definite fashion cycles; women tended to wear one or two styles and certain colors until a new style was introduced and a new color became popular. Now, because the industry is so large and there are so many different designers, trends and styles change much more rapidly. Also since fashionable clothes are less expensive and women buy more clothes than ever before, it is difficult to determine a fashion cycle. The modern woman selects clothes according to her own taste. She is able to choose what she likes from many collections. Today, the customer, along with the designer, makes the fashion.

Section Three

The basic element of good fashion is good grooming.. The most stylish clothes will not look good on a woman who does not have good posture and a graceful carriage. Another element of good fashion is individuality. The clothes of a well-dressed woman always reflect her own personality. To be fashionable, a person must know what is becoming—what silhouettes and fabric will highlight her figure and what colors are flattering to her.

Because the French countries made only a few copies of a dress, each garment is very expensive. Many dress manufacturers from other countries buy the original clothes of the famous French designers. They take them back to their own design rooms, where the clothes are copied line for line to be made in great numbers. Some manufacturers, however, use the Paris style only as a starting point for their own ideas. Others may adapt only a part of the French design into their own styles But since the 1940' s American designers have also become fashion trend-setters, and the United States has become a world fashion leader.

The American fashion industry, much of it centered in an area around Seventh Avenue in New York City, uses all the techniques of mass-production. Today, with the spread of modern communications, especially television, fashion today is almost universal. New styles—from mini, mazi, and midi skirts to all kinds of pans outfits—are worn in Tokyo and Tel Aviv almost as soon as they are in London, Paris, and New York.

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