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Cocktail

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History
Flaming cocktails.
The earliest known printed use of the word ocktail was in The Farmer Cabinet, April 28, 1803:
rank a glass of cocktail excellent for the head . . . Call at the Doct. found Burnham he looked very wise drank another glass of cocktail.
The earliest definition of "cocktail" was in the May 13, 1806, edition of the Balance and Columbian Repository, a publication in Hudson, New York, in which an answer was provided to the question, "What is a cocktail?". It replied:
ocktail is a stimulating liquor composed of spirits of any kind, sugar, water, and bitters it is vulgarly called a bittered sling and is supposed to be an excellent electioneering potion, inasmuch as it renders the heart stout and bold, at the same time that it fuddles the head. It is said, also to be of great use to a Democratic candidate: because a person, having swallowed a glass of it, is ready to swallow anything else.
Compare the ingredients listed (spirits, sugar, water, and bitters) with the ingredients of an Old Fashioned.
The first publication of a bartenders' guide which included cocktail recipes was in 1862 How to Mix Drinks; or, The Bon Vivant's Companion, by "Professor" Jerry Thomas. In addition to listings of recipes for Punches, Sours, Slings, Cobblers, Shrubs, Toddies, Flips, and a variety of other types of mixed drinks were 10 recipes for drinks referred to as "Cocktails". A key ingredient which differentiated "cocktails" from other drinks in this compendium was the use of bitters as an ingredient, although it is not used in many modern cocktail recipes.
The first "cocktail party" ever thrown was allegedly by Mrs. Julius S. Walsh Jr. of St. Louis, Missouri, in May 1917. Mrs. Walsh invited 50 guests to her home at noon on a Sunday. The party lasted an hour, until lunch was served at 1 pm. The site of this first cocktail party still stands. In 1924, the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of St. Louis bought the Walsh mansion at 4510 Lindell Boulevard, and it has served as the local archbishop's residence ever since.
During Prohibition in the United States (19201933), when the sale of alcoholic beverages was illegal, cocktails were still consumed illegally in establishments known as speakeasies. The quality of the alcohol available was far lower than was previously used, and bartenders generally put forth less effort in preparing the cocktails. There was a shift from whiskey to gin, which does not require aging and is thus easier to produce illicitly.
Cocktails became less popular in the late 1960s and 1970s, as other recreational drugs became common. In the 1980s cocktails again became popular, with vodka often substituted for gin in drinks such as the martini. Traditional cocktails and gin are starting to make a comeback in the 2000s.
Etymology
This section needs additional citations for verification.
Please help improve this article by adding reliable references. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (September 2009)
Pia Colada cocktails with pieces of coconut.
There are several claims about the origin of the term "cocktail," many of which are fanciful and few of which are supported by documentary evidence. Among them are:
A tavern near Elmsford, New York was popular with the officers of the Revolutionary soldiers of Washington and Lafayette. The American troops preferred whiskey or gin, the French preferred wine or vermouth. All enjoyed a bit of brandy or rum. Sometimes late in the evenings, in a spirit of camaraderie, the spirits were mixed from one cup to another during toasts. A soldier stole a rooster from the tavern owner's neighbor, who was believed to be a Tory supporter of George III of the United Kingdom. The rooster was promptly cooked and served to the customers, with the tail feathers used to adorn the accompanying drinks. The toasts accompanying this meal were "vive le cocktail" and the mixed drinks were so called ever after.
Another etymology is that the term is derived from coquetier, a French double-ended egg-cup which was used to serve the beverage in New Orleans in the early 19th century.
Derivative uses
The word "cocktail" is sometimes used figuratively for a mixture of liquids or other substances. For example, the usage of such a word could be as follows: "120 years of industry have dosed the area's soil with a noxious cocktail of heavy metals and chemical contaminants".
A makeshift incendiary bomb consisting of a bottle of inflammable liquid (usually gasoline) with a flaming rag attached is known as a "Molotov cocktail."
See also
Wikimedia Commons has media related to:
Cocktails (category)
Wikibooks has a book on the topic of
Bartending/Cocktails
List of cocktails
Mixed drink
History of alcohol
Cocktail glass
Cocktail shaker
References
^ Thomas, Jerry (1862). How To Mix Drinks. 
^ a b Regan, Gary (2003). The Joy of Mixology. Potter. 
^ DeGroff, Dale (2002). The Craft of the Cocktail. Potter. 
^ David Wondrich (2007). Imbibe!: From Absinthe Cocktail to Whiskey Smash, a Salute in Stories and Drinks to "Professor" Jerry Thomas, Pioneer of the American Bar. Perigee Trade. ISBN 0399532870. 
^ St. Louis - Party Central - WSJ.com
^ Eric Felton (November 28 2008). "Celebrating Cinco de Drinko". Wall Street Journal. 
^ Anthony Dias Blue (2004). The Complete Book of Spirits. HarperCollins. p. 58. 
^ Stephen Visakay Vintage Bar Ware (Schroeder Publishing Co, Inc., 1997), ISBN 0-89145-789-5)
^ Stanley Clisby Arthur Famous New Orleans Drinks and How to Mix 'Em (Pelican Publishing Company, June 1977), ISBN 0-88289-132-4)
External links
Cocktails at the Open Directory Project
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Categories: CocktailsHidden categories: Articles needing additional references from September 2009 | All articles needing additional references

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