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Cell Phone GPS Basics

By: PhoneBeagle

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Cell Phone GPS Primer
Soon GPS will become almost as basic as the telephone, or more likely included with every mobile phone. GPS can determine positions accurate to a matter of just a few meters. In fact, incredibly with advanced equipment it is possible to achieve measurements to less than a centimeter!
In a sense it's like assigning every square meter on earth its very own address. GPS receivers have become very economical as they have been miniaturized to just a few integrated circuits. These days GPS is incorporated into cars, boats, planes, construction equipment, movie making gear, farm machinery, laptop computers and especially smartphones.
Tracking cell phones is a popular topic with a lot of interest. Much of the discussion dealing with cell tracking, cell phone GPS and cell phone track software applications could be helped by a GPS Satellite primer and glossary.
GPS is an acronym for Global Positioning System. GPS satellites broadcast signals from space that GPS receivers use to determine three-dimensional location (latitude, longitude, and altitude) plus precise time. The GPS network is made up of 3 primary segments: Space Segment, Control Segment and User Segment.
The GPS Space Segment includes twenty-four to thirty-two satellites that orbit the earth in medium earth orbit MEO. These satellites are also known as as the GPS Constellation, and they are orbiting once every 12 hours. They are not geostationary, but rather move at over 7,000 mph. GPS satellites are solar powered but have battery reserve for when they are in the earth's shadow. They are placed so that there are at least 4 satellites 'visible' from any point on earth. Small rocket boosters on each satellite keep them properly positioned. The satellites have a lifetime of about 10 years until all their fuel is exhausted.
GPS Satellites are not communications satellites. Geostationary or communications satellites are at a much higher orbit of about 22,300 miles above the equator. These satellites are used for weather forecasting, satellite TV, satellite radio and most other types of global communications. At exactly 22,000 miles above the equator, the earth's force of gravity and centrifugal forces are canceled and are in balance. This is the best location to place a communications satellite. The earth rotates at about 1,000 miles an hour, and because of their high earth orbit the geo-synchronous satellites need to move at about 7,000 mph to keep position. This is approximately the same speed as GPS satellites, but since stationary satellites are 10,000 miles further away they stay in place relative to the earth.
The GPS Control Segment consists of Master Control Station, an Alternate Master Control Station, and numerous dedicated and shared Ground Antennas and Monitor Stations that work together to make sure the satellites are functioning correctly and the data they beam down to earth is accurate.
The GPS User Segment is composed of of GPS receivers taking the shape of devices and , laptops, in-car navigation devices and hand-held tracking units along with the people that use them, and the software applications that make them function.
GPS receivers calculate location by precisely timing the signals sent by GPS satellites. This data includes the time the message was transmitted, precise orbital information (the ephemeris), and the general system health and rough orbits of all GPS satellites (the almanac).
Keep in mind that there is a fundamental difference between handset GPS Tracking and GPS Navigation. GPS cell tracking is normally associated with a third-party keeping records of either real-time or historical mobile phone position, while Navigation deals with the smartphone user figuring out how to get from point A to point B. Neither use works without some kind of third-party software application.
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Global Satellite System Glossary of basic terminology.
GPSThe Global Positioning System is made up of 24 GPS satellites, portable GPS receivers, and various ground-based support facilities.
GPS receiverThe either a standalone handset device or electronic unit mounted on a automobile dashboard or other movable item such as an ocean freight container, and now particularly common to be included with mobile phones . Abbreviated "GPS" in common use.

Global Satellite System Frequently Asked Questions
Why does GPS receiver only work outside?
GPS satellites are positioned in their orbits to be sure that from any location on earth there are at least four satellites in site at all times. Although they send signals by radio wave, the signal needs a clear of site to the receiver. If the GPS satellite slips below, or a building, or even heavy cloud cover, the radio signal may be lost.
What do the satellites do?
The GPS satellites are broadcasting the time. Both the satellite and the GPS receiver use atomic clocks for extreme accuracy. By measuring the difference between the time given by the satellite and the time in the GPS receiver, it can calculate the distance from the satellite.
How does the GPS satellite know where it is?
The satellites keep location stored internally in calculated tables. But they can get off course over time. To correct this, the satellite communicates with ground stations positioned around the world. Whenever it connects with the ground stations, the satellite adjusts its internal position tables.
Does a GPS receiver transmit information back to the satellite?
No, they don't do that. GPS equipped cell phones will send information but not to the satellite.

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