Home | Health | Health Care

Bactericide

By: himfrman

Read More About Health Care

Bactericidal disinfectants
The most used disinfectants are those applying
active chlorine (i.e., hypochlorites, chloramines, dichloroisocyanurate and trichloroisocyanurate, wet chlorine, chlorine dioxide etc.),
active oxygen (peroxides, such as peracetic acid, potassium persulfate, sodium perborate, sodium percarbonate and urea perhydrate),
iodine (iodpovidone (povidone-iodine, Betadine), Lugol's solution, iodine tincture, iodinated nonionic surfactants),
concentrated alcohols (mainly ethanol, 1-propanol, called also n-propanol and 2-propanol, called isopropanol and mixtures thereof; further, 2-phenoxyethanol and 1- and 2-phenoxypropanols are used),
phenolic substances (such as phenol (also called "carbolic acid"), cresols (called "Lysole" in combination with liquid potassium soaps), halogenated (chlorinated, brominated) phenols, such as hexachlorophene, triclosan, trichlorophenol, tribromophenol, pentachlorophenol, Dibromol and salts thereof),
cationic surfactants, such as some quaternary ammonium cations (such as benzalkonium chloride, cetyl trimethylammonium bromide or chloride, didecyldimethylammonium chloride, cetylpyridinium chloride, benzethonium chloride) and others, non-quaternary compounds, such as chlorhexidine, glucoprotamine, octenidine dihydrochloride etc.),
strong oxidizers, such as ozone and permanganate solutions;
heavy metals and their salts, such as colloidal silver, silver nitrate, mercury chloride, phenylmercury salts, copper sulfate, copper oxide-chloride etc. Heavy metals and their salts are the most toxic, and environment-hazardous bactericides and therefore, their use is strongly oppressed or canceled; further, also
properly concentrated strong acids (phosphoric, nitric, sulfuric, amidosulfuric, toluenesulfonic acids) and
alkalis (sodium, potassium, calcium hydroxides),
such as of pH < 1 or > 13, particularly under elevated temperature (above 60C), kills bacteria.
Bactericidal antiseptics
As antiseptics (i.e., germicide agents that can be used on human or animal body, skin, mucoses, wounds and the like), few of the above mentioned disinfectants can be used, under proper conditions (mainly concentration, pH, temperature and toxicity toward man/animal). Among them, important are some
properly diluted chlorine preparations (f.e. Daquin's solution, 0.5% sodium or potassium hypochlorite solution, pH-adjusted to pH 7 8, or 0.5 1% solution of sodium benzenesulfochloramide (chloramine B)), some
iodine preparations, such as iodopovidone in various galenics (ointment, solutions, wound plasters), in the past also Lugol's solution,
peroxides as urea perhydrate solutions and pH-buffered 0.1 0.25% peracetic acid solutions,
alcohols with or without antiseptic additives, used mainly for skin antisepsis,
weak organic acids such as sorbic acid, benzoic acid, lactic acid and salicylic acid
some phenolic compounds, such as hexachlorophene, triclosan and Dibromol, and
cation-active compounds, such as 0.05 0.5% benzalkonium, 0.5 4% chlorhexidine, 0.1 2% octenidine solutions.
Others are generally not applicable as safe antiseptics, either because of their corrosive or toxic nature.
Bactericidal antibiotics
Bactericidal antibiotics kill bacteria; bacteriostatic antibiotics only slow their growth or reproduction.
Antibiotics that inhibit cell wall synthesis: the Beta-lactam antibiotics, (penicillin derivatives (penams), cephalosporins (cephems), monobactams, and carbapenems) and vancomycin. There may be others.
Also bactericidal are daptomycin, fluoroquinolones, metronidazole, nitrofurantoin, co-trimoxazole. There may be others.
Aminoglycosidic antibiotics are usually considered bactericidal, although they may be bacteriostatic with some organisms
See also
List of antibiotics
Microbicide
v  d  e
Medication > Pharmacology
Pharmacokinetics
ADME: Absorption  Distribution  Metabolism  Excretion (Clearance)
Loading dose  Volume of distribution (Initial)  Rate of infusion
Compartment  Bioequivalence  Bioavailability
Onset of action  Biological half-life  Plasma protein binding
Phase 1 reaction  Phase 2 reaction
Therapeutic index (LD50/ED50)
Pharmacodynamics
Toxicity (Neurotoxicology)  Dose-response relationship (Efficacy, Potency)
Antimicrobial pharmacodynamics: Minimum inhibitory concentration/Bacteriostatic  Minimum bactericidal concentration/Bactericide
Agonism and antagonism
Agonist: Inverse agonist  Irreversible agonist  Partial agonist  Superagonist  Physiological agonist
Antagonist: Competitive antagonist  Irreversible antagonist  Physiological antagonist
Other: Binding  Affinity  Binding selectivity  Functional selectivity
Other
Drug tolerance: Tachyphylaxis
Drug resistance: Antibiotic resistance  Multiple drug resistance
Related fields/subfields
Pharmacogenetics  Pharmacogenomics  Neuropsychopharmacology (Neuropharmacology, Psychopharmacology)
Categories: AntimicrobialsHidden categories: Articles lacking sources from December 2009 | All articles lacking sources

Article Source: http://depositarticles.com/

I am a professional editor from China Suppliers, and my work is to promote a free online trade platform. www.frbiz.com/ contain a great deal of information about super absorbent polymer , bamboo stakes welcome to visit!

Please Rate this Article

 

Not yet Rated

Click the XML Icon Above to Receive Health Care Articles Via RSS!
Additional Articles From - Home | Health | Health Care
Sign Up for a free account.
Our other websites
All about SEO
Beauty Tips Forum
Submit Articles
Member Login
Link Us
Submission Guidelines
Ezine Notifications
Article RSS Feeds
Sitemap
New Stuff
About Us
Developer
Good shopping portal
Link to Us
Contact Us
Privacy Policy
Terms of Service

counter easy hit

Powered by Article Dashboard